Unit 3: Cell – Structure and Function (Hard Level MCQs)

1. Which cell organelle is known as the 'suicidal bag' of the cell?

Answer: Lysosome

2. Ribosomes are composed of RNA and which protein?

Answer: Ribosomal proteins

3. Which phase of the cell cycle is longest in duration?

Answer: Interphase

4. Which organelle is responsible for packaging of materials in the cell?

Answer: Golgi apparatus

5. In which organelle does photorespiration occur?

Answer: Peroxisomes

6. The shape of the cell is maintained by:

Answer: Cytoskeleton

7. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through:

Answer: Mother (maternal inheritance)

8. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Answer: Lysosomes

9. Nucleolus is associated with:

Answer: Ribosomal RNA synthesis

10. Which organelle plays a key role in detoxification in liver cells?

Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

11. Centrosome is absent in:

Answer: Plant cells

12. DNA replication takes place during:

Answer: S phase

13. The functional unit of a Golgi apparatus is:

Answer: Cisternae

14. The lipid bilayer of the membrane is made up of:

Answer: Phospholipids

15. The organelle responsible for cellular respiration is:

Answer: Mitochondria

16. The fluid mosaic model was proposed by:

Answer: Singer and Nicolson

17. Which cell does not have a true nucleus?

Answer: Prokaryotic cell

18. Which protein helps in the transport of water across the membrane?

Answer: Aquaporin

19. Which phase of mitosis shows the alignment of chromosomes at equator?

Answer: Metaphase

20. Which cell organelle has its own DNA and ribosomes?

Answer: Mitochondria

21. In which part of the cell is the chromatin material found?

Answer: Nucleus

22. Which is the smallest living cell?

Answer: Mycoplasma

23. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the disappearance of the nuclear envelope?

Answer: Prophase

24. Plasmodesmata are found in:

Answer: Plant cells

25. Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for cell division?

Answer: Microtubules

26. Which RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus?

Answer: rRNA

27. DNA in eukaryotic cells is associated with:

Answer: Histone proteins

28. Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is associated with ribosomes?

Answer: Rough ER

29. Cristae are found in:

Answer: Mitochondria

30. Which cell structure regulates movement of substances in and out?

Answer: Plasma membrane

31. During which stage does cytokinesis occur?

Answer: Telophase

32. The enzymes of Kreb’s cycle are present in:

Answer: Mitochondrial matrix

33. Which part of the plant cell stores genetic material?

Answer: Nucleus

34. The organelle responsible for forming lysosomes:

Answer: Golgi apparatus

35. Which protein provides shape to the red blood cell?

Answer: Spectrin

36. Which of the following are non-membranous organelles?

Answer: Ribosomes

37. The presence of a cell wall is a characteristic feature of:

Answer: Plant cells

38. The fluid part of the cytoplasm is called:

Answer: Cytosol

39. What helps in the modification and sorting of proteins?

Answer: Golgi apparatus

40. What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

Answer: Spindle formation during cell division

41. Which cell organelle shows semi-autonomous nature?

Answer: Mitochondria

42. Which process does NOT occur in interphase?

Answer: Chromosome separation

43. Which pigment is found in chromoplasts?

Answer: Carotenoids

44. Where is the 9+2 arrangement found?

Answer: Cilia and flagella

45. Which protein helps chromosomes condense during mitosis?

Answer: Condensin

46. Name the protein which forms spindle fibers.

Answer: Tubulin

47. The organelle most associated with apoptosis:

Answer: Mitochondria

48. The main function of smooth ER is:

Answer: Lipid synthesis

49. What determines the permeability of a membrane?

Answer: Protein channels and carrier proteins

50. The end product of glycolysis occurs in:

Answer: Cytoplasm