Unit 5: Human Physiology - MCQs with Answers

1. Which part of the brain controls voluntary movements?
Cerebrum

2. Which enzyme is present in saliva and breaks down starch?
Salivary amylase

3. The primary site of absorption of nutrients is:
Small intestine

4. The functional unit of kidney is:
Nephron

5. Which hormone regulates water balance in the body?
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

6. The pacemaker of the heart is:
SA Node

7. Which muscle is responsible for breathing movements?
Diaphragm

8. Bile is produced by:
Liver

9. Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration?
Bowman's capsule

10. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
Vitamin K

11. Which protein carries oxygen in blood?
Hemoglobin

12. The exchange of gases in lungs occurs at:
Alveoli

13. Which gland is both endocrine and exocrine?
Pancreas

14. Which valve prevents backflow from left ventricle to left atrium?
Bicuspid valve

15. Largest part of the human brain is:
Cerebrum

16. Hemodialysis is used in:
Kidney failure

17. Which blood component fights infections?
White blood cells

18. The process of digestion begins in:
Mouth

19. The outer layer of kidney is called:
Cortex

20. Which hormone increases heart rate?
Adrenaline

21. Where is the respiratory center located?
Medulla oblongata

22. Gastric juice contains:
HCl and pepsin

23. Erythropoiesis occurs in:
Bone marrow

24. Which part controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum

25. Urea is formed in:
Liver

26. Renin is secreted by:
Juxtaglomerular cells

27. Platelets are responsible for:
Blood clotting

28. Which enzyme digests proteins in stomach?
Pepsin

29. P-wave in ECG represents:
Atrial depolarisation

30. Bile helps in digestion of:
Fats

31. The hormone secreted by thyroid is:
Thyroxine

32. The function of epiglottis is:
Prevents food from entering windpipe

33. Which organ filters blood?
Kidney

34. Which cells secrete insulin?
Beta cells of pancreas

35. Smallest blood vessels are:
Capillaries

36. The voice box is also called:
Larynx

37. Function of HCl in stomach is:
Kills germs & activates pepsinogen

38. Which organ controls temperature regulation?
Hypothalamus

39. Pancreatic juice contains:
Amylase, lipase, trypsin

40. Lungs are enclosed in:
Pleural membrane

41. Which hormone reduces blood glucose level?
Insulin

42. The structural and functional unit of lungs is:
Alveolus

43. Which blood group is universal donor?
O negative

44. Blood pressure is measured using:
Sphygmomanometer

45. Which component of blood helps in transport of CO₂?
Plasma and RBCs

46. Enzyme that digests milk protein in infants:
Rennin

47. Excretory product in humans:
Urea

48. Hormone secreted in emergency:
Adrenaline

49. First heart sound 'lub' is due to:
Closure of AV valves

50. Which hormone controls basal metabolic rate?
Thyroxine