Chapter Summary
Microbes in Human Welfare explains the beneficial roles of microorganisms in human life. They are used in household food products like curd, cheese, bread, and beverages. In industrial production, microbes help in antibiotics, enzymes, and organic acid formation. In sewage treatment and biogas production, microbes ensure waste management and energy recovery. They also act as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents, improving agriculture sustainably.
50 Questions and Answers
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Q1. Name one microbe used in the production of antibiotics.
Penicillium notatum produces penicillin.
Q2. Which microbe is used in alcohol fermentation?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast).
Q3. Which microbe converts milk into curd?
Q4. Which microbes help in sewage treatment?
Activated sludge bacteria and methanogens.
Q5. Which microbe is used as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogens?
Q6. Name microbes used in Swiss cheese production.
Propionibacterium shermanii .
Q7. Which antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces?
Q8. Which microbe helps in vinegar production?
Q9. Name a microbe used in the production of citric acid.
Q10. Which gas is produced by methanogens?
Q11. Which bacteria fix nitrogen in root nodules of legumes?
Q12. Name the microbe that produces lactic acid.
Q13. Which fungi are used in fermentation?
Q14. Which antibiotic was the first to be discovered?
Q15. Which bacteria are used in gobar gas plants?
Methanogens (Methanobacterium ).
Q16. Which microbe is used in biogas production?
Q17. Name microbes used in enzyme production.
Aspergillus (amylase), Streptococcus (streptokinase).
Q18. Which microbe produces butyric acid?
Q19. Which fungus is used in bread making?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Q20. Name one biofertilizer microbe used in rice fields.
Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis.
Q21. Which antibiotic is produced by Cephalosporium?
Q22. Which fungus helps in organic acid production?
Aspergillus niger (citric acid).
Q23. Which microbe is used in single cell protein (SCP) production?
Q24. Which bacteria produce cyclosporin A?
Q25. Which microbe produces immunosuppressive drugs?
Trichoderma (cyclosporin A).
Q26. Which microbes are used as biocontrol for mosquitoes?
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt toxin).
Q27. Which microbes are involved in sewage treatment plant’s activated sludge?
Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria.
Q28. Which microbes help in primary sewage treatment?
Q29. Which microbe is used in producing bioinsecticides?
Q30. Name one microbe that produces acetic acid.
Q31. Which microbe produces gluconic acid?
Q32. Which antibiotic is produced by Micromonospora?
Q33. Which fungus is edible and used in food?
Q34. Which algae is used as SCP?
Q35. Which microbe produces vitamin B12?
Pseudomonas denitrificans .
Q36. Which bacteria are nitrifying?
Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter .
Q37. Which bacteria are denitrifying?
Q38. Which fungus is used in soy sauce production?
Q39. Which microbe produces organic solvent acetone?
Clostridium acetobutylicum .
Q40. Which microbe is used in antibiotic erythromycin production?
Q41. Which microbe helps in retting of jute?
Q42. Which bacteria are symbiotic nitrogen fixers?
Q43. Which bacteria are free-living nitrogen fixers?
Q44. Which algae are used as biofertilizers?
Blue-green algae (Anabaena, Nostoc) .
Q45. Which bacterium produces vinegar?
Q46. Which microbes are probiotics?
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium .
Q47. Which microbe is used in beer production?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Q48. Which microbe produces cheese flavor?
Q49. Which antibiotic is produced by Bacillus subtilis?
Q50. Why are microbes called indispensable to humans?
Because they provide food, medicines, energy, soil fertility, waste management, and disease control essential for human welfare.