Chapter Summary
Biotechnology and Its Applications deals with how biotechnology is used in agriculture, medicine, food production, and environmental protection. It highlights genetically modified crops, pest-resistant plants, biofortified foods, biopharmaceuticals, gene therapy, stem cell research, molecular diagnosis, and the role of biotechnology in waste treatment and biodiversity conservation.
50 Questions and Answers
Development of genetically modified crops with improved traits like pest resistance and higher yield.
Genetically modified crops are plants whose genes have been altered to introduce desirable traits.
Bt cotton is a pest-resistant GM crop.
Enhancing the nutritional quality of crops using biotechnology.
Medicines like insulin and vaccines produced using biotechnology.
Gene therapy and molecular diagnosis.
Gene therapy is correcting defective genes to treat genetic disorders.
ADA deficiency (Adenosine deaminase deficiency).
Techniques like PCR and ELISA used to detect diseases at the molecular level.
Animals that carry foreign genes inserted using biotechnology.
Used for testing vaccine safety and producing useful proteins.
Exploitation of bioresources without proper authorization and compensation.
Legal protection given to an inventor for their biological innovation.
Bioremediation and pollution control using biosensors.
A protein from Bacillus thuringiensis that kills pests.
Because it becomes active only in alkaline conditions of insect gut, not in humans.
Genes in Bacillus thuringiensis that code for insecticidal proteins.
Golden Rice enriched with Vitamin A.
A gene-silencing method that prevents expression of specific genes.
Tobacco plants resistant to nematodes.
Large vessels used for large-scale production of biotechnological products.
Detection of HIV infection.
Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique to amplify DNA sequences.
Undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized cells.
Leukemia (blood cancer).
Ethical issues related to genetic modification and patenting.
Humulin gene.
E. coli is genetically engineered to produce insulin.
Identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, used in therapy.
Use of complementary RNA molecules to block expression of specific genes.
Enzymes like amylase and antibiotics like penicillin.
Use of plants to clean pollutants from soil and water.
Vaccines produced in genetically modified food plants.
Potato and tomato plants.
Therapy targeting somatic cells to cure genetic diseases.
Therapy involving modification of germ cells to pass on corrected genes.
Devices that detect biological molecules or pollutants.
Transplanting organs from animals to humans using biotechnology.
Transgenic sheep.
Used in DNA fingerprinting.
Growing plant or animal cells in artificial medium.
Rapid clonal multiplication of plants using tissue culture.
Microorganisms like Rhizobium that enhance soil fertility.
Natural organisms or substances used to control pests.
An insecticidal protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
A genetically modified rice variety rich in Vitamin A.
Used as a natural genetic engineer for creating transgenic plants.
Production of pharmaceuticals using genetically modified plants and animals.
A technique used to identify individuals using unique DNA patterns.
By developing bioremediation methods, biofertilizers, and waste treatment technologies.