Life Processes in Living Organisms
Q1. What are life processes?
A. The basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain life, such as nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
Q2. Name two types of nutrition.
A. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Q3. Give one example of autotrophic organism.
A. Green plants.
Q4. Name the process by which plants make food.
A. Photosynthesis.
Q5. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
A. 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll).
Q6. Name the organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
A. Chloroplast.
Q7. What is respiration?
A. The process by which food is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.
Q8. Name two types of respiration.
A. Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Q9. Where does aerobic respiration occur?
A. In the mitochondria.
Q10. Give one example of anaerobic respiration.
A. Fermentation in yeast.
Q11. What is transportation in plants?
A. The movement of water, minerals, and food within the plant body.
Q12. Name the tissue that transports water in plants.
A. Xylem.
Q13. Name the tissue that transports food in plants.
A. Phloem.
Q14. What is transpiration?
A. The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of plants.
Q15. What is excretion?
A. The removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
Q16. Name the excretory unit of the kidney.
A. Nephron.
Q17. What is the role of stomata?
A. To allow gas exchange and transpiration in plants.
Q18. Name one waste product in plants.
A. Oxygen (during photosynthesis).
Q19. What is the function of hemoglobin?
A. To carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues.
Q20. What is double circulation?
A. The passage of blood twice through the heart in one complete cycle – pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Q21. Name one plant hormone and its function.
A. Auxin – promotes cell elongation.
Q22. What is the function of the pharynx in humans?
A. It serves as a passage for both food and air.
Q23. Name the part of the digestive system where protein digestion starts.
A. Stomach.
Q24. What is peristalsis?
A. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles to push food along the digestive tract.
Q25. Which enzyme digests starch?
A. Amylase.
Q26. What is ATP?
A. Adenosine Triphosphate – the energy currency of the cell.
Q27. Name the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
A. Arteries.
Q28. Name the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
A. Veins.
Q29. What is lymph?
A. A yellowish fluid that transports nutrients and removes waste products from tissues.
Q30. Name the process by which green plants prepare their food.
A. Photosynthesis.