Conjunctions & Interjections — Advanced Notes (English) Exam-focused • Mobile-first • SEO optimized for rsetu.link

Introduction

Intro (English): Conjunctions and interjections are key sentence connectors and emotional markers. Conjunctions join words, phrases or clauses to show coordination, subordination or correlation. Interjections express sudden emotions. This chapter gives rules, diagrams, punctuation guidance, 8 solved examples, and exam-focused practice for SSC, Police, Railway and NEET.

Definitions & Core Theorem

Conjunction (definition)

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. It creates logical relationships (addition, contrast, reason, time, condition).

Interjection (definition)

An interjection expresses sudden emotion or reaction and often stands alone or is followed by an exclamation: "Oh!", "Wow!", "Alas!".

Types of Conjunctions (with examples & rules)

1. Coordinating Conjunctions

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So — (FANBOYS). Join grammatically equal elements. Use comma before coordinating conjunction when joining two independent clauses: "She came, and he left."

2. Subordinating Conjunctions

Introduce dependent clauses: because, although, since, if, when, while, unless, after, before. Punctuation: if subordinating clause comes first, use comma: "Although it rained, we went out."

3. Correlative Conjunctions

Pairs that work together: either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also. Ensure parallel structure: "She is both intelligent and hardworking."

4. Conjunctive Adverbs**

However, therefore, moreover, consequently — act like conjunctions between independent clauses; use semicolon + comma: "He failed the test; however, he tried again."

Rules, Parallelism & Punctuation (Theorem-like guide)

Parallelism theorem: Elements joined by conjunctions must be parallel in structure. If not, the sentence is unbalanced and may be incorrect. Example: "She likes hiking, swimming, and to cycle" → incorrect. Correct: "hiking, swimming, and cycling."

Punctuation guidelines: comma before coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses; semicolon for conjunctive adverbs; no comma if subordinate clause follows main clause (usually).

Interjections — Types & Usage

Express emotion, greeting, hesitation, agreement, or surprise. Types: emotional (Wow!, Ouch!), greeting (Hello!), filler (well, um), agreement (indeed), hesitation (er, uh). Punctuate with exclamation for strong emotion; use comma for mild interjections within sentences.

Diagrams — Replace with inline SVGs

Useful diagrams: conjunction tree (coordinating/subordinating/correlative), parallelism flowchart, punctuation decision chart, interjection tone-map. Paste your inline SVGs here to replace placeholders for crisp diagrams.

Solved Examples (8 step-by-step)

1. Example 1: Fix parallelism: "She likes to swim, running and to bike."
   Solution: Make parallel: "She likes swimming, running, and biking." Explanation: all gerunds.
   उपाय: सर्व गोष्टी समान रूपात ठेवा (gerunds).
2. Example 2: Comma use: "I wanted to go but it rained."
   Solution: Two independent clauses? If yes, add comma: "I wanted to go, but it rained." If second clause is short and closely linked, comma optional but safer to include.
   उपाय: स्वतंत्र वाक्य जोडल्यास comma वापरा.
3. Example 3: Correlative pair: "Either he will come or not."
   Solution: Use complete pair: "Either he will come or he will not." Better: "Either he will come or he will not."
   उपाय: पूर्ण pair वापरा आणि संरचना parallel ठेवा.
4. Example 4: Subordinating clause punctuation: "Because she was late she missed the train."
   Solution: If subordinate clause starts sentence, add comma: "Because she was late, she missed the train."
   उपाय: अवलंबून क्लॉज आधी असल्यास comma वापरा.
5. Example 5: Conjunctive adverb: "He studied; therefore he passed."
   Solution: Use semicolon before conjunctive adverb and comma after: "He studied; therefore, he passed."
   उपाय: conjunctive adverb च्या आधी semicolon आणि नंतर comma.
6. Example 6: Interjection usage: "Wow you solved it!"
   Solution: Punctuate: "Wow! You solved it!" or "Wow — you solved it!" Use exclamation for strong emotion.
   उपाय: भावनात्मक interjection नंतर exclamation वापरा.
7. Example 7: Faulty coordination: "She is smart and she works hard and has patience."
   Solution: Make structure parallel: "She is smart, hardworking, and patient." or balance verbs: "She is smart, works hard, and has patience." Prefer parallel adjectives.
   उपाय: समान भाग parallel ठेवा.
8. Example 8: Negative correlative: "Not only he is late but also he forgot his bag."
   Solution: Correct order: "Not only is he late, but he also forgot his bag." Maintain inversion after 'not only' when it begins clause.
   उपाय: 'not only' नंतर inversion शक्य आहे; structure नीट ठेवा.

Practice Questions (+ Summary Table & Answer Key)

25 minutes practice: parallelism correction, conjunction choice, punctuation, and interjection usage.

Summary Table (Quick reference)

Answer Key

Exam-focused Tips & SEO Strategy

Memorise common correlative pairs, practice parallel structures and punctuation, and visualise sentence balance. Use long-tail keywords naturally in headings (e.g., "conjunctions notes for SSC"), and keep title/meta unique for rsetu.link. JSON-LD included to boost SERP snippets.

Classroom Example (English + Marathi)

English (teacher explains): "To teach correlative conjunctions, give pairs and ask students to complete sentences — e.g., 'Either...or', 'Not only...but also'. Show mistakes from non-parallel answers and correct them together."

Resources & Next steps

Paste your SVGs for conjunction trees and punctuation charts and I'll embed them inline. I can also add 8 more advanced solved examples tailored for SSC/Police/Railway/NEET, produce printable PDFs, and run keyword research to expand the keyword list for stronger SEO.